A common childhood virus appears to be the trigger for the autoimmune disease lupus, according to groundbreaking research.

The study suggests that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which for most people is harmless, can cause immune cells to “go rogue” and mistakenly attack the body’s own tissues. The team behind the work said that uncovering the cause of lupus could revolutionise treatments.

“We think it applies to 100% of lupus cases,” said Prof William Robinson, a professor of immunology and rheumatology at Stanford University and the study’s senior author. “I think it really sets the stage for a new generation of therapies that could fundamentally treat and thereby provide benefit to lupus patients.”

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EBV is typically a mild illness which causes a sore throat, fever and tonsillitis. By adulthood, about 19 out of 20 people become infected and – since the virus deposits its genetic material into DNA – carry the dormant virus in their cells.

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If confirmed, the findings would add impetus to clinical trials for an EBV vaccine, which are already under way. There are also several teams exploring repurposing cancer treatments designed to wipe out B cells for severe cases of lupus.